maignen



(NO Model.)

A. MAIGNEN & J. RATIP,Fi1s.

Filtering Apparatus.

Patented Nov. 9,1880.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PROSPER A. MAIGNEN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, AND JULES RETIF, FILS, OF LYONS, FRANCE.

FILTERING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,307, dated November 9. 1880.

Application filed Jn11e2, 1880. (No model.) Patented in England November28,1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PROSPER AUGUSTE MAIGNEN, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at London, in the county of Middle 5 sex, England, and JULES RETIF, Jr., a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Lyons, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Filtering Apparatus, (for which we have obtained Letters Patent in England, No. 4,854, dated November 28, 1878 and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to which the invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of this specification.

Our invention relates to apparatus for clarifying and purifying water.and other liquids by means of filtration; and it consists in a per forated frame providedwith a covering,through which the liquid passes into the interior of the frame, an exit -pipe for conducting the filtered liquid from the frame, an air-pipe, and a 2 5 receptacle at the upper end of said air-pipe for the reception of cotton-wool, said apparatus being inclosed within a casing, all as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claim.

v 0 The figure in the annexed drawing repre- 3 5 the said frame. The air-pipe and the receptacle for cotton-wool at the upper end thereof are shown in dotted lines.

The apparatus consists of a rigid frame or shell of any suitable material, such as wood,

earthenware, or non-oxidizable metal, and is of any desired size or shape. This frame is perforated and provided with a covering,

through which the liquid filters into the frame,

said frame being provided at the bottom with 5 a suitable outlet-pipe for drawing off the filtered liquid. The covering of this perforated frame consists of any suitable tissue, felt, or

other material through which the liquid will pass. The frame thus constructed is inclosed within a casing or receptacle, and, if desired,

more than one of such frames may be arranged within the same casing and so constructed as to present a large area of filtering-surface to the liquid under treatment.

The lower ends of the tubes for conducting the filtered liquid from the interior of the frame may pass into a false bottom or reservoir, from which the liquid is drawn olf through a suitable pipe or tap-cock, or each pipe leading from the frame may pass out through the bottom of the outer casing and be provided with a tap-cock.

An air-pipe is introduced through the top of the perforated frame for the purpose of admitting air to the interior thereof, and this said pipe is provided at its upper end with a receptacle for holding cotton -\\'001 or other similar material, which purifies the air as it passes through the same. The air thus admitted comes in contact with the minute drops of water as they enter the frame through the covering and imparts oxygen to the water, which is thereby thoroughly aerated.

The liquid is introduced into the casing or receptacle in which the perforated frame or frames are arranged, and, if desired, the inte rior of said casing may be placed in communication with the external atmosphere by means of a pipe.

The nature of the tissue or other material which surrounds the perforated frame will be varied according to the requirements of the liquid to be treated.

The casing or receptacle containing the filtering apparatus may, if desired, be placed in an outer casing or jacket, between the interior of which and the exterior of the receptacle can be introduced steam, hot water, ice, or other suitable medium for raising or lowering, and thereby regulating, the temperature of the liq- 9o uid under treatment.

The casing containing the apparatus is, by preference, provided with a cover, and when the operation of filtering is to be conducted by means of pressure the said cover will be strongly 5 and hermetically secured to the casin g, and will be provided with a valve for the exit of air during the process of filling the case, and also a suitable arrangement will be provided for the introduction of the liquid, the pressure being Ioc obtained by hydraulic or other suitable power, as is well known.

The casing or receptacle may be provided with tubes or gages for showing the level of the liquid in the interior thereof.

When the liquid to be filtered is conducted to the interior of the casing or receptacle from a cistern or other reservoir by means of a pipe, we will provide the discharge end of such pipe with a ball-cock or other automatic device to regulate the supply of such liquid.

In some instances aperforated plate or screen of suitable construction to allow the liquid to pass through will be placed within the casing above the perforated frame or frames, in order to prevent theforce of the liquid from disturbing such filtering medium as may be used in connection with this apparatus. This filtering medium which we may employ will consist of any light substance, such as powdered vegetar ble charcoal, carbonate of magnesia, or paperpulp, which will be placed in the casing, so as to be deposited during the process of filtration firmly and evenly on the covering of the perforated frame or frames. To such end the tiltering medium is mixed with some of the liquid to be treated, which is then poured into the casing. The operation begins immediately, and the outlet-tap being opened and the supply of liquid turned on, a current will be established from the exterior to the interior of the frame, and the liquid, passing through the pores of the tissue, leaves the floating particles ofthe filtering medium to form a perfectly even and close deposit over the whole surface of the exterior of the covering. This deposit or layer of filteringmedium,whichcompletesthestraining qualities of the tissue, intercepts all impurities mechanically suspended in the liquid.

\Vhen the liquid to be treated requires to be discolored or freed from noxious substances held in solution the space above and around the frame, or between, above, and around the frames, as the case may be, is tilled with loose animal charcoal, carfcral, spongy iron, or other energetic purifying medium.

When the apparatus is employed for filtering hard water which has been heated for the purpose ofsoftening the same by what is known as Ularkes processthat is to say, when carbonate of lime has been precipitated by the introduction of a clear solution of lime into the water-such carbonate of lime, which exists in the form of minute particles, can be utilized as a filtering medium bycausing itto be deposited on the coverings of the frames by allowing the water to flow through the frames, as heretofore described.

The covers of the frames may be cleansed by forcing liquid through them the reverse waythat is to say, from the interior to the exterior thereof-or the said covers may be removed from the perforated frames.

In the drawing, A designates the outer casing or receptacle, and B a frame or shell arranged therein and formed with perforations b. This frame is covered with a covering, b, a portion of which is represented as broken away in order to show the perforations of the frame.

I: is the discharge-pipe, which leads from the perforated frame through the bottom of the easing A.

The air-pipe 1 leads from the topofthe perforated frame to the top of the casing A, where it is provided with a receptacle, f, in which cotton-wool or other equivalent material is placed.

The casing A is heiein shown as provided with a cover, A.

The advantages of the air-pipe and its receptacle containing cotton-wool for purifying the air have already been pointed out.

\Vhat we claim is- The perforated frame B, provided with a covering, 1), through which the liquid passes into the interior of the frame, an exit-pipe, b air-pipe F, and a receptacle,f, at the upper end otsaid air-pipe, for the reception 0fC0tt0ll-W0Ol, said apparatus being inclosed within a casing, A, substantially as shown and described.

P. A. MAIGNEN. JS. RETIF, FILS. Witnesses to the signature of Prosper Auguste Maignen:

Geo. S. VAUGHAN,

67 Chancery Lane, London. CHAS. BERKLEY HARRIS,

17 Gracechurch Street, London, E. C.

Witnesses to the signature of Jules Retif, the younger:

E. RoUssET,

Rue de Vendome 160, Lyons. MANTELIN,

Rue Fnlon 16, Lyons. 

